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product # pq48015hka20 phone 1-888-567-9596 doc.# 005-2hk451g rev. c 4/9/03 page 1 half half brick brick technical specification 48v in 1.5v out 20a 20 amp, no heatsink, isolated dc/dc converter the pq48015hka20 powerqor ? kilo converter is a next-generation, board-mountable, isolated, fixed switching frequency dc/dc converter that uses synchronous rectification to achieve extremely high conversion efficiency. the power dissipated by the converter is so low that a heatsink is not required, which saves cost, weight, height, and application effort. the kilo series converters offer significant useable output current in an economical standard ?half-brick? module. the kilo units also feature active current shar- ingfor n+1 and parallel applications. pq48015hka20 module mechanical features ? industry standard pin-out configuration industry standard size: 2.3? x 2.4? total height only 0.40?, permits better airflow and smaller card pitch total weight: 1.8 oz. (51 grams) safety features 2000v, 10 m ? input-to-output isolation ul/cul 60950 recognized (us & canada), basic insulation rating tuv certified to en60950 meets 72/23/eec and 93/68/eec directives meets ul94v-0 flammability requirements operational features ultra-high efficiency, >83% at full rated load current delivers up to 20 amps of output current with mini- mal derating - no heatsink required wide input voltage range: 35v ? 75v meets or exceeds all 48v bus standards fixed frequency switching provides predictable emi performance protection features input under-voltage lockout and over-voltage shutdown protects against abnormal input voltages output current limit and short circuit protection output over-voltage protection thermal shutdown control features on/off control referenced to input side (positive and negative logic options are available) remote sense for the output voltage compensates for output distribution drops output voltage trim permits custom voltages and voltage margining optional features (full-feature modules) active current share for n+1 and parallel applications external clock synchronization pin for better emi characteristics startup synchronization pin for more consistent start- up sequence oring fet drive supply for efficient oring protection
product # pq48015hka20 phone 1-888-567-9596 doc.# 005-2hk451g rev. c 4/9/03 page 2 half half brick brick technical specification 48v in 1.5v out 20a 0.19 (4.8) 1.90 (48.3) 2.30 (58.4) 0.50 (12.7) 0.400 (10.16) 0.300 (7.62) 0.200 (5.08) 0.200 (5.08) load board bottom side clearance see note 10 max. height lowest component 1.400 (35.56) 1.000 (25.40) 2.40 (61.0) 0.400 (10.16) 1.000 (25.40) 1.400 (35.56) 0.700 (17.78) 0.40 (10.2) 0.034+/-0.026 (0.86+/-0.66) top view side view pin no. name function 1 vin(+) positive input voltage 2 on/off ttl input to turn converter on and off, referenced to vin(-), with internal pull up. 3 i share single wire parallel signal 4 vin(-) negative input voltage 5 vout(-) negative output voltage 6 sense(-) return remote sense 7 trim output voltage trim 8 sense(+) positive remote sense 9 vout(+) positive output voltage a clock sync clock synchronization b start sync startup synchronization c or drive external or-fet drive pins in italics shaded text are optional 0.145 (3.68) see note 4 notes 1) pins 1-4, 6-8, a-c are 0.040? (1.02mm) diameter. with 0.080? (2.03mm) diameter standoff shoulders. 2) pins 5 and 9 are 0.080? (2.03 mm) diameter with 0.125? (3.18mm) diameter standoff shoulders. 3) pins 3, a, b & c only included in full-feature models. 4) other pin extension lengths available. recommended pin length is 0.03? (0.76mm) greater than the pcb thickness. 5) all pins: material - copper alloy finish - tin/lead over nickel plate 6) undimensioned components are shown for visual reference only. 7) all dimensions in inches (mm) tolerances: x.xx +/-0.02 in. (x.x +/-0.5mm) x.xxx +/-0.010 in. (x.xx +/-0.25mm) 8) weight: 1.8 oz. (51g) typical 9) workmanship: meets or exceeds ipc-a-610c class ii 10) ul/tuv standards require a clearance greater than 0.04? (1.02mm) between input and output for basic insulation. this issue should be considered if any copper traces are on the top side of the user?s board. note that the ferrite cores are consid- ered part of the input/primary circuit. mechanical diagram pin connections
product # pq48015hka20 phone 1-888-567-9596 doc.# 005-2hk451g rev. c 4/9/03 page 3 half half brick brick technical specification 48v in 1.5v out 20a parameter min. typ. max. units notes & conditions absolute maximum ratings input voltage non-operating 100 v continuous operating 80 v continuous operating transient protection 100 v < 10 s isolation voltage (input to output) 2000 v basic insulation level, pollution degree 2 operating temperature -40 100 c storage temperature -55 125 c voltage at on/off input pin -2 18 v voltage at clock sync pin -15 18 v applies to full feature option only input characteristics operating input voltage range 35 48 75 v input under-voltage lockout turn-on voltage threshold 31.5 33.3 34.4 v turn-off voltage threshold 29.5 31.0 32.4 v lockout hysteresis voltage 2.2 2.3 2.4 v input over-voltage shutdown 76.7 78.3 79.5 v maximum input current 1.1 a 100% load, 35 vin no-load input current 75 95 ma disabled input current 2 5 ma inrush current transient rating 0.03 a 2 s response to input transient tbd mv 1000v/ms input transient input reflected-ripple current 3 ma rms thru 10 h inductor; figs. 13 & 15 recommended input fuse 20 a fast blow external fuse recommended input filter component values (c 1 \l\c 2 ) 1.6\4\3.3 f\h\f internal values, see figure e recommended external input capacitance 33 47 f see figure 13 output characteristics output voltage set point 1.48 1.50 1.52 v output voltage regulation over line + 0.05 \ 1 + 0.1 \ 2 %\mv over load + 0.1 \ 2 + 0.2 \ 3 %\mv over temperature + 15 + 30 mv total output voltage range 1.45 1.55 v over sample, line, load, temperature & life output voltage ripple and noise 20mhz bandwidth; fig. 13 & 16 peak-to-peak 50 100 mv full load, see figures 13 & 16 rms 10 20 mv full load, see figures 13 & 16 operating output current range 0 20 a output dc current-limit inception 22 24 26 a output voltage 10% low; fig. 17 output dc current-limit shutdown voltage 0.58 v current share accuracy (2 units paralleled) + 2 + 5 % % of rated output current back-drive current limit while enabled 0.5 1.2 2.5 a max negative current drawn from output back-drive current limit while disabled 0 10 50 ma max negative current drawn from output maximum output capacitance >50,000 f 1.5vout at 20a resistive load dynamic characteristics input voltage ripple rejection 80 db 120 hz; fig. 20 output voltage during load current transient step change in output current (0.1a/s) 50 mv 50% to 75% to 50% iout max; figure 11 step change in output current (5a/s) 50 mv 50% to 75% to 50% iout max; figure 12 settling time 300 s to within 1% vout nom turn-on transient turn-on time 20 30 ms full load, vout=90% nom.; figs. 9 & 10 start-up inhibit time 180 200 215 ms -40c to +125c; figure a output voltage overshoot 0 % 10,000 f load capacitance, iout = 0a efficiency 100% load 83 % figures 1 - 4 50% load 85 % figures 1 - 4 temperature limits for power derating curves semiconductor junction temperature 125 c package rated to 150c board temperature 125 c ul rated max operating temp 130c transformer temperature 125 c see figures 5 - 8 for derating curves isolation characteristics isolation voltage 2000 v isolation resistance 10 m ? isolation capacitance 3300 pf pq48015hka20 electrical characteristics t a =25c, airflow rate=300 lfm, v in =48vdc unless otherwise noted; full operating temperature range is -40c to +100c ambient temperature with appropriate power derating. specifications subject to change without notice.
product # pq48015hka20 phone 1-888-567-9596 doc.# 005-2hk451g rev. c 4/9/03 page 4 half half brick brick technical specification 48v in 1.5v out 20a parameter p min. typ. max. units notes & conditions feature characteristics switching frequency 230 260 290 khz on/off control (option p) off-state voltage -2 0.8 v on-state voltage 2.7 18 v on/off control (option n) off-state voltage 2.7 18 v on-state voltage -2 0.8 v on/off control (either option) figures a, b pull-up voltage vin/6 15 v pull-up resistance 42 k ? output voltage trim range -10 +19 % measured across pins 9 & 5; figure c output voltage remote sense range +19 % measured across pins 9 & 5 output over-voltage protection 120 125 130 % over full temp range; % of nominal vout over-temperature shutdown 120 c average pcb temperature over-temperature shutdown restart hysteresis 10 c reliability characteristics calculated mtbf 2.4 10 6 hrs. telcordia tr-nwt-000332; 80% load,300lfm, 40 o c t a calculated mtbf 1.9 10 6 hrs. mil-hdbk-217f; 80% load, 300lfm, 40 o c t a demonstrated mtbf >20 10 6 hrs. field demonstrated mtbf standards compliance parameter p notes standards compliance ul/cul 60950 file # e194341, basic insulation & pollution degree 2 en60950 certified by tuv 72/23/eec 93/68/eec needle flame test (iec 695-2-2) test on entire assembly; board & plastic components ul94v-0 compliant iec 61000-4-2 esd test, 8kv - np, 15kv air - np gr-1089-core section 7 - electrical safety, section 9 - bonding/grounding an external input fuse must always be used to meet these safety requirements qualification testing parameter p # units test conditions qualification testing life test 32 95% rated v in and load, units at derating point, 1000 hours vibration 5 10-55hz sweep, 0.060? total excursion,1 min./sweep, 120 sweeps for 3 axis mechanical shock 5 100g minimum, 2 drops in x and y axis, 1 drop in z axis temperature cycling 10 -40c to 100c, unit temp. ramp 15c/min., 500 cycles power/thermal cycling 5 t operating = min to max, v in = min to max, full load, 100 cycles design marginality 5 t min -10c to t max +10c, 5c steps, v in = min to max, 0-105% load humidity 5 85c, 85% rh, 1000 hours, 2 minutes on and 6 hours off solderability 15 pins mil-std-883, method 2003 extensive characterization testing of all synqor products and manufacturing processes is performed to ensure that we supply robust, reliable product. contact factory for more information about proof of design and proof of manufacturing processes. electrical characteristics (continued) options synqor provides various options for logic sense, pin length and feature set for this family of dc/dc converters. please consult the last page of this specification sheet for information on available options. patents synqor is protected under various patents, including but not lim- ited to u.s. patent # 5,999,417.
60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 0 2 4 6 8 101214161820 load current (a) efficiency (%) 36 vin 48 vin 75 vin product # pq48015hka20 phone 1-888-567-9596 doc.# 005-2hk451g rev. c 4/9/03 page 5 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 0 100 200 300 400 500 air flow (lfm) efficiency (%) 25 c 40 c 55 c figure 2: efficiency at nominal output voltage and 60% rated power vs. airflow rate for ambient air temperatures of 25 c, 40 c, and 55 c (nominal input voltage). 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 02468101214161820 load current (a) power dissipation (w) 36 vin 48 vin 75 vin figure 3: power dissipation at nominal output voltage vs. load current for minimum, nominal, and maximum input voltage at 25 c. 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 0 100 200 300 400 500 air flow (lfm) power dissipation (w) 25 c 40 c 55 c figure 4: power dissipation at nominal output voltage and 60% rated power vs. airflow rate for ambient air temperatures of 25 c, 40 c, and 55 c (nominal input voltage). 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 0 2540557085 ambient air temperature ( o c) i out (a) 400 lfm (2.0 m/s) 300 lfm (1.5 m/s) 200 lfm (1.0 m/s) 100 lfm (0.5 m/s) 0 lfm (0 m/s) figure 5: maximum output power derating curves vs. ambient air tem- perature for airflow rates of 0 lfm through 400 lfm with air flowing from output to input (nominal input voltage). figure 6: thermal plot of converter at 20 amp load current with 55 c air flowing at the rate of 200 lfm. air is flowing across the converter from output to input (nominal input voltage). half half brick brick performance curves 48v in 1.5v out 20a figure 1: efficiency at nominal output voltage vs. load current for min- imum, nominal, and maximum input voltage at 25 c. semiconductor junction temperature is within 1 c of surface temperature
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 0 2540557085 ambient air temperature ( o c) i out (a) 400 lfm (2.0 m/s) 300 lfm (1.5 m/s) 200 lfm (1.0 m/s) 100 lfm (0.5 m/s) 0 lfm (0 m/s) figure 7: maximum output power derating curves vs. ambient air tem- perature for airflow rates of 0 lfm through 400 lfm with air flowing from input to output (nominal input voltage). product # pq48015hka20 phone 1-888-567-9596 doc.# 005-2hk451g rev. c 4/9/03 page 6 figure 8: thermal plot of converter at 20 amp load current with 55 c air flowing at the rate of 200 lfm. air is flowing across the converter from input to output (nominal input voltage). figure 9: turn-on transient at full load (resistive load) (10 ms/div). top trace: vout (0.5v/div) bottom trace: on/off input (5v/div) figure 10: turn-on transient at zero load (10 ms/div). top trace: vout (0.5v/div) bottom trace: on/off input (5v/div) figure 11 : output voltage response to step-change in load current (50%-75%-50% of iout(max); di/dt = 0.1a/ s). load cap: 15 f, 450 m ? esr tantalum capacitor and 1 f ceramic capacitor. top trace: vout (100mv/div), bottom trace: iout (10a/div). figure 12 : output voltage response to step-change in load current (50%-75%-50% of iout(max): di/dt = 5a/ s). load cap: 480 f, 15 m ? esr tantalum capacitor and 1 f ceramic capacitor. top trace: vout (200mv/div), bottom trace: iout (10a/div). half half brick brick performance curves 48v in 1.5v out 20a semiconductor junction temperature is within 1 c of surface temperature
figure 13: test set-up diagram showing measurement points for input terminal ripple current (figure 14), input reflected ripple current (figure 15) and output voltage ripple (figure 16). product # pq48015hka20 phone 1-888-567-9596 doc.# 005-2hk451g rev. c 4/9/03 page 7 figure 14: input terminal ripple current, i c , at full rated output cur- rent and nominal input voltage with 10 h source impedance and 47 f electrolytic capacitor (100 ma/div). (see figure 13) figure 15: input reflected ripple current, i s , through a 10 h source inductor at nominal input voltage and rated load current (5 ma/div). (see figure 13) figure 16: output voltage ripple at nominal input voltage and rated load current (20 mv/div). load capacitance: 1 f ceramic capacitor and 15 f tantalum capacitor. bandwidth: 20 mhz. (see figure 13) 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 0 4 8 1216202428 load current (a) output voltage (v) 36 v 48 v 75 v figure 17: output voltage vs. load current showing typical current limit curves and converter shutdown points. figure 18: load current (10a/div) as a function of time when the con- verter attempts to turn on into a 1 m ? short circuit. top trace (2ms/div) is an expansion of the on-time portion of the bottom trace. half half brick brick performance curves 48v in 1.5v out 20a 10 h source impedance dc/dc converter figure 15 figure 14 figure 16 1 f ceramic capacitor 15 f, 450m ? esr tantalum capacitor 47 f, <1 ? esr electrolytic capacitor v source i s i c v out
0.00001 0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000 hz output impedance ( ? ? ) 36 vin 48 vin 75 vin figure 19: magnitude of incremental output impedance (z out = v out /i out ) for minimum, nominal, and maximum input voltage at full rated power. product # pq48015hka20 phone 1-888-567-9596 doc.# 005-2hk451g rev. c 4/9/03 page 8 -110 -100 -90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000 hz forward transmission (db) 36 vin 48 vin 75 vin figure 20: magnitude of incremental forward transmission (ft = v out /v in ) for minimum, nominal, and maximum input voltage at full rated power. -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000 hz reverse transmission (db) 36 vin 48 vin 75 vin figure 21: magnitude of incremental reverse transmission (rt = i in /i out ) for minimum, nominal, and maximum input voltage at full rated power. 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000 hz input impedance ( ? ? ) 36 vin 48 vin 75 vin figure 22: magnitude of incremental input impedance (z in = v in /i in ) for minimum, nominal, and maximum input voltage at full rated power. half half brick brick performance curves 48v in 1.5v out 20a
basic operation and features the power qor series converter uses a two-stage power circuit topology. the first stage is a buck-converter that keeps the out- put voltage constant over variations in line, load, and temper- ature. the second stage uses a transformer to provide the func- tions of input/output isolation and voltage step-down to achieve the low output voltage required. both the first stage and the second stage switch at a fixed fre- quency for predictable emi performance. rectification of the transformer?s output is accomplished with synchronous recti- fiers. these devices, which are mosfets with a very low on- state resistance, dissipate far less energy than schottky diodes. this is the primary reason that the power qor converter has such high efficiency, even at very low output voltages and very high output currents. dissipation throughout the converter is so low that it does not require a heatsink for operation. since a heatsink is not required, the power qor converter does not need a metal base- plate or potting material to help conduct the dissipated energy to the heatsink. the power qor converter can thus be built more simply and reliably using high yield surface mount techniques on a pcb substrate. the power qor series of half-brick and quarter-brick converters uses the industry standard footprint and pin-out configuration. control features remote on/off (pin 2 ): the on/off input, pin 2, per- mits the user to control when the converter is on or off . this input is referenced to the return terminal of the input bus, vin(-). there are two versions of the converter that differ by the sense of the logic used for the on/off input. in the positive logic version, the on/off input is active high (meaning that a high turns the converter on ). in the negative logic version, the on/off signal is active low (meaning that a low turns the converter on ). figure a details five possible cir- cuits for driving the on/off pin. figure b is a detailed look of the internal on/off circuitry. remote sense(+ ) (pins 8 and 6) : the sense(+ ) inputs correct for voltage drops along the conductors that connect the converter?s output pins to the load. pin 8 should be connected to vout(+) and pin 6 should be con- nected to vout(-) at the point on the board where regulation is desired. a remote connection at the load can adjust for a volt- age drop only as large as that specified in this datasheet, that is [ vout(+) - vout(-) ] ? [ sense(+) - sense(-) ] < sense range % x vout pins 8 and 6 must be connected for proper regulation of the out- put voltage. if these connections are not made, the converter will deliver an output voltage that is slightly lower than its spec- ified value. product # pq48015hka20 phone 1-888-567-9596 doc.# 005-2hk451g rev. c 4/9/03 page 9 half half brick brick technical specification 48v in 1.5v out 20a open collector enable circuit figure a: various circuits for driving the on/off pin. figure b: internal on/off pin circuitry remote enable circuit direct logic drive negative logic (permanently enabled) positive logic (permanently enabled) on/off vin( _ ) on/off on/off vin( _ ) on/off 5v ttl/ cmos vin( _ ) on/off vin( _ ) vin( _ ) ttl 5v 50k 274k v in(+) on/off v in( _ ) 50k 100pf
product # pq48015hka20 phone 1-888-567-9596 doc.# 005-2hk451g rev. c 4/9/03 page 10 half half brick brick technical specification 48v in 1.5v out 20a note : the output over-voltage protection circuit senses the volt- age across the sense leads (pins 8 and 6) to determine when it should trigger, not the voltage across the converter?s output pins (pins 9 and 5). output voltage trim (pin 7) : the trim input permits the user to adjust the output voltage across the sense leads up or down according to the trim range specifications. to decrease the output voltage, the user should connect a resis- tor between pin 7 and pin 6 (sense(-) input). for a desired decrease of the nominal output voltage, the value of the resis- tor should be r trim-down = ( 100% ) - 2 k ? ? where ?% = ( v nominal ? v desired ) x 100% v nominal to increase the output voltage, the user should connect a resis- tor between pin 7 and pin 8 (sense(+) input). for a desired increase of the nominal output voltage, the value of the resistor should be figure c graphs the relationship between the trim resistor value and rtrim-up and rtrim-down, showing the total range the out- put voltage can be trimmed up or down. figure c: trim graph for 1.5vout module note : the trim feature does not affect the voltage at which the output over-voltage protection circuit is triggered. trimming the output voltage too high may cause the over-voltage protection circuit to engage, particularly during transients. it is not necessary for the user to add capacitance at the trim pin. the node is internally bypassed to eliminate noise. total dc variation of vout: for the converter to meet its full specifications, the maximum variation of the dc value of vout, due to both trimming and remote load voltage drops, should not be greater than that specified for the output voltage trim range. protection features input under-voltage lockout : the converter is designed to turn off when the input voltage is too low, helping avoid an input system instability problem, described in more detail in the application note titled ?input system instability?. the lockout cir- cuitry is a comparator with dc hysteresis. when the input volt- age is rising, it must exceed the typical turn-on voltage threshold value (listed on the specification page) before the converter will turn on. once the converter is on, the input volt- age must fall below the typical turn-off voltage threshold value before the converter will turn off. input over-voltage shutdown : available on pq48 mod- els only. the converter turns off when the input voltage is too high, allowing the converter to withstand an input voltage as high as 100v without destruction. the shutdown circuitry is a comparator with dc hysteresis. when the input voltage exceeds the typical input over-voltage shutdown value, the converter will turn off. once the converter is off, it will turn back on when the input voltage falls below the minimum input over- voltage shutdown value. output current limit : the maximum current limit remains constant as the output voltage drops. however, once the imped- ance of the short across the output is small enough to make the output voltage drop below the specified output dc current- limit shutdown voltage, the converter turns off. the converter then enters a ?hiccup mode? where it repeatedly turns on and off at a 5 hz (nominal) frequency with a 5% duty cycle until the short circuit condition is removed. this prevents excessive heating of the converter or the load board. output over-voltage limit : if the voltage across the output pins exceeds the output over-voltage protection threshold, the converter will immediately stop switching. this prevents dam- age to the load circuit due to 1) excessive series resistance in output current path from converter output pins to sense point, 2) 0 1 10 100 1,000 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10111213141516171819 trim resistance (kohms) % increase in vout % decrease in vout k ? r trim-up = ( v nominal ? 2 ) x v des + v nom 1.225 v des - v nom
a release of a short-circuit condition, or 3) a release of a cur- rent limit condition. load capacitance determines exactly how high the output voltage will rise in response to these conditions. after 200 ms the converter will automatically restart. over-temperature shutdown : a temperature sensor on the converter senses the average temperature of the module. the thermal shutdown circuit is designed to turn the converter off when the temperature at the sensed location reaches the over-temperature shutdown value. it will allow the converter to turn on again when the temperature of the sensed location falls by the amount of the over-temperature shutdown restart hysteresis value. application considerations input system instability: this condition can occur because any dc/dc converter appears incrementally as a negative resistance load. a detailed application note titled ?input system instability? is available on the synqor web site (www.synqor.com) which provides an understanding of why this instability arises, and shows the preferred solution for cor- recting it. application circuits: figure d below provides a typical cir- cuit diagram which details the input filtering and voltage trim- ming. input filtering and external capacitance: figure e below provides a diagram showing the internal input filter com- ponents. this filter dramatically reduces input terminal ripple current, which otherwise could exceed the rating of an external electrolytic input capacitor. the recommended external input capacitance is specified in the ?input characterisitcs? section. more detailed information is available in the application note titled ?emi characteristics? on the synqor website. product # pq48015hka20 phone 1-888-567-9596 doc.# 005-2hk451g rev. c 4/9/03 page 11 half half brick brick technical specification 48v in 1.5v out 20a v in external input filter trim v in(+) i load c load c 1 l c 2 v out(+) r trim-up or r trim-down v sense(+) on/off v in( _ ) v in(+) v in( _ ) v out( _ ) v sense( _ ) electrolytic capacitor 33f esr ? 1 ? figure d: typical application circuit (negative logic unit, permanently enabled). figure e: internal input filter diagram (component values listed on page 3) .
startup inhibit period: the startup inhibit period ensures that the converter will remain off for at least 200ms when it is shut down for any reason. when an output short is present, this generates a 5hz "hiccup mode," which prevents the con- verter from overheating. in all, there are seven ways that the converter can be shut down, initiating a startup inhibit period: input under-voltage lockout input over-voltage shutdown (not present in quarter-brick) output over-voltage protection over temperature shutdown current limit short circuit protection turned off by the on/off input figure f shows three turn-on scenarios, where a startup inhibit period is initiated at t 0 , t 1 , and t 2 : before time t 0 , when the input voltage is below the uvl thresh- old, the unit is disabled by the input under-voltage lockout fea- ture. when the input voltage rises above the uvl threshold, the input under-voltage lockout is released, and a startup inhibit period is initiated. at the end of this delay, the on/off pin is evaluated, and since it is active, the unit turns on. at time t 1 , the unit is disabled by the on/off pin, and it can- not be enabled again until the startup inhibit period has elapsed. when the on/off pin goes high after t 2 , the startup inhibit period has elapsed, and the output turns on within the typical turn-on time. full feature application notes this section provides some basic application information for the full-feature version of the power qor series converter. the pin-out configuration for these optional feature pins is shown on page 2, and the part numbering format is shown on the last page of this specification sheet. all units in this product family include back-drive protection to simplify the use of multiple converters in a parallel or sequenc- ing application. however, any voltage applied to the output of the converter should be kept below 120% of the rated output voltage of the converter. in addition to back-drive protection, these units include the fol- lowing features (pins): current share (pin 3): the ac tive current share feature allows for n+1 and parallel applications. to achieve load shar- ing, directly connect the i share pins of multiple units. the load current will share equally among the multiple units (5% at full rated current). it is important that the vin(-) pins of the sharing units be directly connected and not placed outside of an emi filter or other impedance path. the voltage at the i share pin will range from 0 to 5 volts (at full rated current), referenced to product # pq48015hka20 phone 1-888-567-9596 doc.# 005-2hk451g rev. c 4/9/03 page 12 half half brick brick technical specification 48v in 1.5v out 20a under-voltage lockout turn-on threshold on/off (pos logic) figure f: startup inhibit period (turn-on time not to scale) v out v in 200ms 200ms 200ms (typical start-up inhibit period) t 0 t 1 t 2 t 20ms (typical turn on time) on on on off off
the primary-side ground, vin(-). start sync (pin b): the start synchronization pin will allow a more consistent start-up sequence. to operate this feature, connect together the start-sync pins of multiple current-sharing units. this will permit immediate start-up with loads greater than the current limit of a single unit. without this connection, any set of converters attempting to asynchronously start (or re-start) with a load greater than the current limit of a single unit will "hiccup". this ?hiccup? mode will continue until one converter attempts a start at the same time as the minimum number of additional units necessary to sustain the load condition. for example, three 50 amp units starting into a 90 amp load would require two units to simultaneously attempt a start. the start sync connection synchronizes these starting attempts and pro- vides a more consistent and reliable start-up sequence. for details about the "hiccup mode" or repeated startup attempts, please see the "startup inhibit period" note in this technical specification. clock sync (pin a): the external clock synchronization pin provides the ability for the user to control the emi signature and synchronize sensitive circuitry to quiet periods in the converter operation. w ith this option, the converter can be synchronized to an external clock signal whose frequency is greater than that of the free-running internal clock. however, substantially raising the converter?s frequency will reduce its efficiency. therefore, the recommended frequency range for the external clock syn- chronization signal applied to this pin would be the lowest value possible without dropping below the minimum frequen- cies listed below: 275 khz for the 1.5v and 3.3v units 225 khz for the 1.8v and 2.0v units 255 khz for the 2.5v, 5v, 12v and 15v units the following requirements should also be met: the external clock signal should be referenced to the negative input voltage, vin(-). the high level of the signal should be between 3.5v and 5.0v. the low level should be between -0.5v and +1.2v. do not apply a clock signal lower than the specified frequency. or drive (pin c): this pin provides a signal which can be used to drive an or-ing fet and/or an auxiliary external con- trol circuitry. this pin may also be used as a basic "power- good" signal. this pin is referenced to the secondary-side ground, vsense(-). the voltage at this pin tracks the output volt- age but has a value several times higher. for example, during normal operation the or drive voltage is at least high enough to fully gate on a standard mosfet, whose source voltage is equal to the output voltage of the converter. with nominal out- put voltage, the or drive signals are listed in the table below for each output voltage. an internal 2.7 k ? source resistance will limit the current drawn from this pin. however, the user is responsible for the overvoltage protection of the mosfet or other external circuitry driven by this voltage. it is recom- mended that the user include a zener diode between the gate and source of the external mosfet(s) driven by the or drive pin. for more information, refer to the full feature application note found on the synqor web site (www.synqor.com). product # pq48015hka20 phone 1-888-567-9596 doc.# 005-2hk451g rev. c 4/9/03 page 13 half half brick brick technical specification 48v in 1.5v out 20a or-drive voltages vout no load full load 1.2 tbd tbd 1.5 912 1.8 11 14 2.0 11 16 2.5 13 21 3.3 13 16 5.0 19 20 12 24 26 15 26 28
product # pq48015hka20 phone 1-888-567-9596 doc.# 005-2hk451g rev. c 4/9/03 page 14 half half brick brick technical specification 48v in 1.5v out 20a part numbering system the part numbering system for synqor?s power qor dc/dc converters follows the format shown in the example below. the first 12 characters comprise the base part number and the last 3 characters indicate available options. although there are no default values for enable logic and pin length, the most common options are negative logic and 0.145? pins. these part numbers are more likely to be readily avail- able in stock for evaluation and prototype quantities. application notes a variety of application notes and technical white papers can be downloaded in pdf format at www.synqor.com. ordering information the tables below show the valid model numbers and order- ing options for converters in this product family. when ordering synqor converters, please ensure that you use the complete 15 character part number consisting of the 12 character base part number and the additional 3 characters for options. the following option choices must be included in place of the x y z spaces in the model numbers listed above. w arranty synqor offers a three (3) year limited warranty. complete warranty information is listed on our web site or is available upon request from synqor. information furnished by synqor is believed to be accurate and reliable. however, no responsibility is assumed by synqor for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use. no license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of synqor. contact synqor for further information: phone : 508-485-8434 t oll free : 888-567-9596 fax : 508-485-8414 e-mail : sales@synqor.com w eb : www.synqor.com address : 188 central street hudson, ma 01749 output max output voltage current pq48015hka20 xyz 35 - 75 v 1.5 v 20 a pq48018hka20 xyz 35 - 75 v 1.8 v 20 a pq48020hka20 xyz 35 - 75 v 2.0 v 20 a pq48025hka20 xyz 35 - 75 v 2.5 v 20 a pq48033hka20 xyz 35 - 75 v 3.3 v 20 a pq48050hka20 xyz 35 - 75 v 5.0 v 20 a model number input voltage enable pin feature logic length set p - positive n - negative k - 0.110" n - 0.145" r - 0.180" y - 0.250" s - standard f - full feature options description: x y z pq 48 015 h k a 20 n k s product family package size performance level thermal design output current options (see ordering information) input voltage output voltage

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